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Geography and climate
February 26th, 2009 by thesuper

Physical map of Turkey.
Main article: Geography of Turkey
Satellite image of the Bosphorus, the Black Sea, the Sea of Marmara and the city of Istanbul.
Mount Ararat (A’r ‘Da”) – the highest peak in Turkey.
Turkey is a transcontinental Eurasian country. The Asian Turkey (made up largely of Anatolia), which includes 97 of the country, separates European Turkey by the Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles (which together form a link between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean). The European Turkey (Rumelia in the Balkan peninsula) includes 3 of the country. The territory of Turkey has more than 1600 km long and 800 kilometers wide, with a roughly rectangular shape. The surface of turkey occupies 783,562 square km, of whom 755,688 are in Southwest Asia and 23,764 square kilometers in Europe, Turkey is the 37th largest country in the world and is the size of France and the UK together . Turkey is surrounded by seas on three sides: the Aegean Sea, west, north to the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Turkey also contains the Sea of Marmara in the northwest.
The European section of Turkey, in the northwest, is the Rumelia, which form the borders of Turkey with Greece and Bulgaria. The Asian part of the country, Anatolia (also known as Asia Minor), consists of a high central plateau with narrow coastal plains. Eastern turkey has a more mountainous landscape, and contains the sources of rivers like the Euphrates, Tigris and Aras, and houses the Lake Van and Mount Ararat, the highest point in Turkey at 5165 meters.
The Anatolia region is about one sixth of the total area of Turkey. As a general trend, the Anatolian plateau to the interior becomes increasingly rugged as it progresses eastward.
Turkey’s varied landscapes are the product of complex earth movements that have shaped the region for thousands of years and still manifest themselves in frequent earthquakes and occasional volcanic eruptions. The Bosporus and the Dardanelles owe their existence to the fault running through Turkey that led to the creation of the Black Sea. It was an earthquake in the north line of the country from west to east, causing a big earthquake in 1999.
The coastal areas of Turkey bordering the Mediterranean Sea have a temperate Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and wet and cold winters. Conditions can be much more severe in the most arid interior. The mountains near the coast prevent Mediterranean climatic influence into the interior, giving the central Anatolian plateau continental climate with sharply contrasting seasons. Winters on the plateau are especially severe. Temperatures of -30 C to -40 C can occur in the mountainous east, and snow may be present on the ground 120 days a year. In the west, average winter temperatures are below 1 C. Summers are hot and dry, with temperatures in general above 30 C in the day. The average annual rainfall is about 400 millimeters. The driest regions are the Konya plain, where annual precipitation is often less than 300 millimeters. In general, May is the wettest months, while July and August are the driest.

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